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Objective To investigate the mobilization of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor(G-CSF) with stem cell factor(SCF) in bone marrow stem cells(BMSC),and to observe the therapeutic effects of BMSC mobilization on repairing ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) renal injury induced by hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and epidermal growth factor(EGF),and to investigate the mechanism for BMSC mobilization for repairing I/R renal injury.MethodsOne hundred and sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats(age:8-10 weeks) were randomly allocated into 4 groups(40 rats in each group):control group (group A),I/R group(group B),SCF + G-CSF treatment group (group C) and SCF + G-CSF control group(group D).The expressions of CD34 + and EGF were measured by immunohistochemistry technique,and the expression of EGF mRNA was measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.Results 1.After I/R injury,the renal tubular epithelial cells were in a state of degeneration,necrosis,even exfoliation.As the time prolonged,the necrotic renal tubules were repaired gradually,but the repair in group C was not good compared with that in group B.The level of group C was obviously lower than that of group B on the 5th,10th,17th and 24th day(P ＜ 0.05).2.There was no significant difference in the percentage of CD34 + cells between group A and D(P ＞ 0.05).On 5 d postoperative,the level of CD34 + cells of group B and group C was conspicuous higher than group A and D (P ＜ 0.05),and that of group C was conspicuous higher than that of group B (P ＜ 0.05).They descended gradually from the 5 th day with the time prolonged.3.The expressions of HIF-1c of group B and group C had a highly positive reaction on the 5th day postoperatively and the level of HIF-1α of group B and group C decended to the normal level with the time prolonged,and at each time,the expression of HIF-1α of group C was significantly higher than that of other groups (P ＜ 0.05).4.On the 5th day postoperative,the expression of EGF of group B and group C showed a higher positive reaction on the 5th day postoperatively and the level of EGF in group B and group C descended to the normal level with the time prolonged,and at each time the expression of EGF of group C was significantly higher than that of the other groups (P ＜0.05).5.The expressions of EGF mRNA of group B and C showed higher positive reaction on the 5th day postoperatively(P ＜ 0.05).The level of EGF mRNA of group B was higher significantly than that of group A on the 17th day postoperatively(P ＜ 0.05).The level of EGF mRNA of group C was a peak and higher than that of other groups on the 10th day postoperatively(P ＜ 0.05).The level of EGF of group B and group C descended to a normal level with the time prolonged.6.There was a positive correlation between the expressions of HIF-1α and EGF (r =0.815,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Combination of SCF with the mobilization of G-CSF sufficiently homed BMSC to injured renal tissue was an important factor for the recovery of injured renal tubules.Combination of SCF with G-CSF may promote the expression of HIF-lα and EGF in the kidney may be one of the mechanisms of why combination of SCF with G-CSF can promote recovery from renal ischemic reperfusion injury.
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Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of radiographic contrast-induced nephropathy(RCIN) in children for improving the knowledge of this disease.Method The clinical data of 6 hospitalized children with RCIN collected from Oct.1998 to Dec.2007 were evaluated retrospectively.Results Of 92 patients who had cardio-angiography,intravenous pyelography,renal arteriography,cerebral angiography,and CT with contrast medium,6 cases(2 girls and 4 boys,aged 2-17 years old) had RCIN.Among the 6 children,5 cases [serum creatinine(Scr) was from 168.3 to 249.7 ?mol/L] showed non-oliguria-type acute renal failure;1 case(Scr was 583.1 ?mol/L) showed oliguria-type acute renal failure,and renal biopsy pathology findings showed that renal tubular epithelial cells were vacuolar degene-ration,striated border fell off,renal tubular epithelial cells were necrotic mulifocally,while the glomeruli were normal.Hematuria in 2 cases with primary disease aggravated;2 cases showed microscopic hematuria;1 case had proteinuria(+),1 case appeared microscopic hematuria and proteinuria(+).Five patients with non-oliguria-type acute renal failure were cured successfully after the medication of 10-21 days.Another case with oliguria-type acute renal failure was well after interrupted hematodialysis for 13 days and medication.Conclusion Children suffering RCIN usually manifest non-oliguria-type acute renal failure,and most of them can be cured by hematodialysis and medication mostly.
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Objective To observe the expression of ?-smooth muscle actin(?-SMA)in rats with tubulointerstitial fibrosis and explore the possible mechanism of renal-protecting of ?-SMA.Methods Sixty male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats,aged 3 months,were randomly divided into 2 groups:control group(n=30)and model group(n=30).The renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis model was established by gavage with 150 mg/(kg?d)adenine solved by a solution of 20 g/L starch and the same volume starch was given to the rats from control group.At the 7th,12th,17th week,10 rats of every group were killed,the urinary protein,N-acetyl-?-D-glucosaminidase(NAG)in the urine and renal profile including BUN and serum Cr were examined.The histological changes of kidney were observed by light microscopy,and the expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-?1)and ?-SMA were examined by immunohistochemistry staining.Results At the 7th,12th and 17th week,the value of urinary protein,urinary NAG,serum BUN and Cr of rats from model group were higher than those of controls(Pa
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Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil(MMF)on children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome(SDNS).Methods Sixteen children with SDNS,diagnosed at onset,included 12 males and 4 females,aged(5.0?1.6) years,were administrated with MMF[25 mg/(kg?d)] and low-dose prednisone[0.5-1.0 mg/(kg?d),average 0.67 mg/(kg?d)].MMF was reduced to half of initial dosage after 6 months and maintained for 3 months,while dosage of prednisone was tapered gradually based on patients disease profile.Twenty-four hours urinary protein excretion,serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen,liver function were conducted regularly,respectively.The clinical efficacy and safety were assessed after 3 months treatment.Results Thirteen of 16 patients treated with MMF and prednisone remained in complete remission.Three children remained remission partly.Difference markedly was observed in 24 hours urinary protein excretion and serum albumin before and after treatment.Conclusions MMF is an effective and safe immunosuppressive agent for children with SDNS.
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Objective To explore the effect of Bailing capsule on epithelial-mesenchymal transition( EMT) in rats with adenine-in-duced tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Methods Tubulointerstitial fibrosis animal models were established and SD rats were divided into mo-del group ( n = 30), treatment group ( n = 30) and control group( n = 30), randomly. Experimental rats were harvested at 7 w, 12 w,17 w after onset of experiment and functional evaluations were performed. Histology, immunohistology were examined to investigateboth histolopathology changes and the expression of bone morphogenic protein-7 (BMP-7), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1 )and a-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in kidneys at three time points mentioned above, respectively. Results Compared with controlgroup, 24 h urinary protein in model group lost increasingly and significantly difference appeared at three time points relative to controlgroup ( P ＜ 0.01 ). Urinary NAG in model group was markedly higher than that in control group from 7 w after onset (P ＜ 0.01 ) andwas increasingly raised at 12 w and 17 w (P＜0.01). The value of blood BUN and Cr in model group increased at 7 w (P＞0.05) rel-ative to control group. There was significant difference at 12 w and 17.w (P ＜ 0.01 ). Histologically, kidneys in model group, at 7 w,exhibited tubular casts and gently tubular dilation, granuloma in cortex, mononuclear cells infiltration in tubulointerstitial areas, andmild interstitial fibrosis. At 12 w, the degree of tubular injury and tubulointerstitial fibrosis gradually aggravated. Up to 17 w, diffusetubular dilation or atrophy was observed and focal tubules disappear. Diffuse interstitial fibrosis was exhibited. In normal kidneys, im-munohistochemistry suggested that the light expression of BMP-7 was detected in proximal renal tubular epithelial cells and marked ex-pression was identified in distal tubule, collecting duct, and renal tubular epithelial in junction area between cortex and medulla. How-ever, the expression of BMP-7 in kidneys of model group significantly decreased with increasing tubulointerstitial fibrosis and was nega-tive correlation with the expression of TGF-β1(r = -0. 981 P＜0.01) and α-SMA (r= -0.975 P＜0.01). Bailing capsule ad-ministration protected the expression of BMP-7 and reduced TGF-β1 and α-SMA expression before 12 w(P＜ 0.01 ). Conclusions Ourstudy shows an anti-fibrotic reno-protective function of Bailing capsule in rats with tubulointerstitial fibrosis via prevention of epithelial-mesenchymal transition at early stage. However, the beneficial effect lost with increasing tubulointerstitial fibrosis.
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Objective To explorethe effect of Bailingcapsule on epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT) inrats withadenine-in-duced tubulointerstitial fibrosis .Methods Tubulointerstitial fibrosis ani mal models were established and SDrats were dividedinto mo-del group (n=30) ,treatment group (n=30) andcontrol group(n=30) ,randomly .Experi mental rats were harvested at 7 w,12 w,17 wafter onset of experi ment and functional evaluations were performed. Histology ,i mmunohistology were examined to investigateboth histolopathology changes and the expression of bone morphogenic protein-7 (BMP-7) ,transforming growth factor-?1(TGF-?1)and a-smooth muscle actin (?-SMA) in kidneys at three ti me points mentioned above ,respectively .Results Compared with controlgroup ,24 h urinary proteinin model grouplost increasingly and significantly difference appeared at three ti me points relative to controlgroup(P0 .05) rel-ative to control group.There was significant difference at 12 wand 17 w(P
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Objective To observe the effect of lovastatin on plasminogen activator inhibitor -1 (PAI-1) and collagen type Ⅳ in rats with glomerularsclerosis induced by adriamycin,and to discuss its mechanism of protective effects on kidneys.Methods Twenty-four male Wistar nephritic rats induced by adriamycin were randomly divided into 3 groups:control,hyperlipidemia and lovastatin treatment group.They were fed 12 weeks.Urinary protein excretion and serum lipid were assayed,then renal glomerularsclerosis index,the expression of PAI-1 and collagen type Ⅳ were observed.Results Serum total cholesterol,triglycerides,low-density lipoprotein,urinary protein excretion,renal glomerularsclerosis index were significantly lower in treatment group than those in hyperlipidemia group.Expression of PAI-1 and collagen type Ⅳ,and number of foamcells were also sharply lower in treatment group than those in hyperlipidemia group.Conclusions Lovastatin not only reduces proteinuria,improves renal function,but also modulates glomerularsclerosis by inhibiting activity of PAI-1 and decreasing accumulation of collagen type Ⅳ.The mechanism of renal protective effect is independent of a reduction of circulating cholesterol.
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Objective To observe the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1) in tubulointerstitial fibrosis(TIF) rats and explore the effects of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in TIF.Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group(n=24) and model group(n=24).Results Tubulointerstitial fibrosis model was established via unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO). Histological changes were observed in tubulointerstitium injury under microscope and immunohistochemistry staining was performed to investigate both the expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in TIF by semiquantitative score at d7, d14, d21 after experiment onset.The expressions of TIMP-1 in rats from sham-operated group were lower than those of mo-del group rats at d7, d14, d21 (Pa